资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
加快构建网络空间命运共同体******
光明日报评论员
作为世界互联网大会国际组织成立后的首届年会,以“共建网络世界 共创数字未来——携手构建网络空间命运共同体”为主题的2022年世界互联网大会乌镇峰会拉开帷幕。国家主席习近平向大会致贺信。习近平主席强调:“面对数字化带来的机遇和挑战,国际社会应加强对话交流、深化务实合作,携手构建更加公平合理、开放包容、安全稳定、富有生机活力的网络空间。”习近平主席提出的理念主张,充分体现了对数字化发展趋势的深刻洞察,对人类社会发展进步的深邃思考,为深化数字领域交流合作、构建网络空间命运共同体指明了方向。
当今时代数字技术作为世界科技革命和产业变革的先导力量,日益融入经济社会发展各领域全过程,深刻改变着生产方式、生活方式和社会治理方式。作为全球最大的发展中国家和网民数量最多的国家,中国立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局,建设网络强国、数字中国,在激发数字经济活力、推进数字生态建设、营造清朗网络空间、防范网络安全风险等方面不断取得新的成效,为高质量发展提供了有力的服务、支撑和保障,为构建网络空间命运共同体提供了坚实基础。前不久胜利闭幕的党的二十大,科学谋划未来5年乃至更长时期党和国家事业发展的目标任务和大政方针,对中国互联网发展作出更加清晰的战略部署。
当前,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展。同时,世纪疫情影响深远,逆全球化思潮抬头,单边主义、保护主义明显上升,世界经济复苏乏力,局部冲突和动荡频发,全球性问题加剧,世界进入新的动荡变革期。互联网领域发展不平衡、规则不健全、秩序不合理等问题日益凸显,网络霸权主义对世界和平与发展构成新的威胁。个别国家将互联网作为维护霸权的工具,滥用信息技术干涉别国内政,从事大规模网络窃密和监控活动,网络空间冲突对抗风险上升。
网络空间治理呼唤更加公平、合理、有效的解决方案,全球性威胁和挑战需要强有力的全球性应对。在贺信中,习近平主席强调,中国愿同世界各国一道,携手走出一条数字资源共建共享、数字经济活力迸发、数字治理精准高效、数字文化繁荣发展、数字安全保障有力、数字合作互利共赢的全球数字发展道路,加快构建网络空间命运共同体,为世界和平发展和人类文明进步贡献智慧和力量。
党的十八大以来,习近平主席以恢宏气魄和远见卓识,敏锐洞察全球互联网发展大势,深刻把握数字化、网络化、智能化的时代潮流,着眼信息时代人类的前途命运和共同福祉,深入思考构建什么样的网络空间、如何构建网络空间等重大课题,创造性提出构建网络空间命运共同体的理念主张,全面系统深入阐释了全球互联网发展治理的一系列重大理论和实践问题,为网络空间的未来擘画了美好愿景、指明了发展方向。在习近平主席关于网络强国的重要思想指引下,我国积极参与全球互联网发展治理,主动参与互联网国际技术标准制定、网络基础设施建设和网络空间国际治理体系建设,共同推动全球互联网发展治理迈向更高水平。
一枕临流水,一网通天下。这场江南水乡里的互联网盛会已走入第九个年头。从第二届世界互联网大会上,习近平主席首次向世界发出“构建网络空间命运共同体”倡议至今,“构建网络空间命运共同体”的内涵不断丰富发展,影响日益深远,已经成为国际社会的普遍共识。今年的乌镇峰会,将再一次为共建网络世界、共创数字未来,探索网络空间命运共同体的时代答案献智献策。
互联网是人类共同的家园。无论数字技术如何创新发展,无论国际环境如何风云变幻,每个人都在网络空间中休戚与共、命运相连。建设和维护一个和平、安全、合作、有序的网络空间,关系到人类文明进程和发展命运,是各国的共同期盼和愿望。让我们携起手来,走出全球数字发展新道路,开创人类更加美好的网络未来!
《光明日报》( 2022年11月10日 01版)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)